• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a measuring train with an optical system with means for making image recordings of the top surface of the head of the rail of the superstructure of a railway which is located directly below the measuring train. In the light-tight housing, two LED line lights are mounted per rail with the associated camera centered at a distance between them. The line lights illuminate the top surface over the entire width and the camera sees the entire width of this top surface. The camera has a lens with a focal length of 50 mm.
    公开号:NL2016670A
    申请号:NL2016670
    申请日:2016-04-25
    公开日:2016-11-21
    发明作者:Jagtenberg Hans
    申请人:Volkerrail Nederland Bv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Video surface images of a rail.
    The quality of the track geometry of the superstructure of the, for example Dutch, rail network for transport of people and / or goods is measured periodically. The associated information is obtained from measurement data, which is produced using measurement trains and switch inspection vehicles for the automated measurement of the track geometry of the superstructure of the railway track. Due to ongoing technical developments, the popular remote viewing, whereby the viewing person (the so-called analyst) at the office from a screen, disconnected in time, does the inspection, is constantly further improved and expanded.
    The data obtained with the measurement train and change-over inspection vehicle must enable the railway manager to find the following defects and rail interruptions via remote inspection: 1. Missing fasteners with type determination; 2. location of an electric separation weld; 3. crumbles; 4. cracks; 5. impressions (such as bullet holes); 6. slip / burn marks.
    The measurement train must be able to obtain the correct measurement data independently of different weather conditions. These weather conditions are: outside temperatures between -20 and +40 ° C; rain up to an intensity of 27 mm / hour; fog or snowfall with a visibility of at least 100 m; as long as the railroad is not in a thick layer of snow; both by night and by day, free from the influence of light from the environment (so a shot made at night or on a sunny day or overcast day gives the same results).
    Use is also made of video image recordings made with a camera that can be presented on a screen as a photograph or film of the railway or part thereof, so that the screen is given the analyst as closely as possible to reality. This places demands on the image quality offered by the screen, both during playback and film, and when viewing individual still images.
    The video image recording must be able to be displayed on the screen in such a way that a good visual inspection is possible. The images must be sharp. When an image recording is made from the recordings of two or more cameras, the images from these cameras must be aligned so that the same location is displayed. The video image recording must be good at any driving speed up to approximately 100 km / h for the free lane and up to approximately 50 km / h on a switch and must be suitable for automated image recognition (visual edging technology), such as component recognition, damage recognition, degradation recognition.
    A complicating factor is the measurement train that makes swinging, pounding and rolling movements while driving because the bicycles are suspended in a suspension manner. Mounting the measuring system on the non-sprung part of the measuring train, such as the wheel axles, excludes these movements, but it is not always possible or desirable, for example because vibration problems are introduced. When mounting the measuring system on the sprung part of the measuring train, such as the floor of the vehicle, allowance must be made, for example, for the wheel suspension to spring in and out, so that, for example, the distance and viewing angle between the measuring system (such as cameras and lamps) and the photographing track and roadbed varies continuously.
    A black-and-white or color image of the top surface of the rail should be shown on a screen for visual inspection so that early squats can be detected, so that with a certainty of at least 95% a defect of 4.0 mm whose location is discovered is determined with an inaccuracy of 1 mm.
    The object of the invention is to provide an image recording of the top surface of the rail head with which the above requirements are met in a reliable, durable, affordable, environmentally friendly and reproducible manner.
    The effect of the invention is that in the image recording the road surface is clear and clearly visible against a dark background and all other components of the superstructure of the track belong to the dark background. This effect is insensitive to train movement. This effect has been achieved through the optimum combination of exposure, camera adjustment and mutual placement of the components.
    To this end, one or more of the following is proposed: a digital matrix camera (so-called area camera) or line scan camera; a camera of CMOS or CCD type; at least or precisely one or two cameras, preferably of line scan type and / or color type; camera pixel size at least 10 or 14 mu m (mu = micro = 1 millionth); the camera hangs vertically straight above a rail and / or is oriented vertically downwards; the camera is directed at a light line projected by a light element on the driving surface or top surface of the rail; the light line is provided by two light elements; a light element makes a light line substantially of the same length as the light element; the camera is placed, preferably centrally, between two light elements; a light element is a light bar or beam; a light bar contains LEDs; a beam contains LEDs in a one-dimensional pattern; a beam contains at least 20 (for example 26) LEDs per 200 millimeter beam length; the LEDs are of SMD type and / or power type (for example at least 300 or 500 mA, such as approximately 700 mA) and / or parabolic type; each LED gives white or white blue light; a beam is equipped with a lens remote from the LEDs, preferably Fresnel lens; the free end of the lens (e.g., wide-angle lens) of the camera hangs at a level above the level of the long light bar, preferably at least 10 or 20 centimeters higher; the longitudinal direction of the light bars is perpendicular to that of the rail; the light bars extend horizontally; a, preferably each, light beam provides a non-diverging and / or non-converging light beam, for example substantially parallel light beam; a light line is at least 10 and / or at most 50 millimeters wide, such as approximately 30 millimeters; the common light line has a width of at least 10 and / or at most 50 millimeters, for example approximately 30 millimeters (for example in the train's idle state); the beam beams directed at a common light line are mutually oriented such that with vertical distance variation between rail head and light beam, for example by springing in and out of the spring suspension of the train wheels, a stroke of, for example, a minimum of 10 and / or a maximum of 40 centimeters, for example approximately 20 centimeter, the common light line varies in width, for example by a maximum of 10 or 20 millimeters, preferably wherein the width of the light line is maximum in the train's resting state; the light bars and cameras are mounted in a mutually fixed position, preferably fixed to the train, for example under the car floor; a light bar is a so-called LED line light; a light bar is a linear light source; a light beam has its light beam directed at the vertical in about 30 degrees; two light bars run parallel to each other and / or their light beams are aimed at the same area.
    The accompanying drawing shows one of the many embodiments of the invention.
    FIG. 1 shows in side view and FIG. 2 in front view the railroad with at a distance above it the light-tight housing (not visible) with mounted there per rail r two LED line lights 1 with centered distance between the associated camera c. The top surface and the base of the rail r are represented by two parallel horizontal lines. The measurement train moves forward according to arrow v. The line lights 1 illuminate the upper surface over the entire width and the camera sees the entire width of this upper surface.
    The camera has a lens with a focal length of 50 mm. The lens of the camera is 550 mm, the lens of the LED line lights 340 mm above the top surface of the rail. The light sensor (one line of 1024 pixels) of the camera has a pixel size of 10 or 14 mu meters. Exposure time between 2 and 30 minutes. Aperture camera F2.8. The line lights make an angle of 30 degrees with the vertical. The camera looks down vertically and is centered directly above the rail.
    FIG. 3 shows the light-tight housing. The direction of travel is indicated by arrow P.
    FIG. 4 shows the light beams from the two mutually parallel light lines that form a common light line that is projected on the running surface and varies in width across the stroke height due to springing in and out while the measurement train is moving. When the train is at rest, the line width projected onto the rail surface is maximum (level r at the half stroke height s), when springing in and out, the wagon floor w moves closer to and farther from level r. The horizontal arrow indicates the driving direction.
    FIG. 5 shows the light spectrum of the preferred LED.
    Many embodiments belong to the invention. A measure forms, individually or in combination with other measures as disclosed herein, the invention, optionally in combination with one or more of the other measures disclosed here, individually or in combination with other measures. Thus, it is intended that herein be a basis for each measure individually, separately from the combination in which it is disclosed here, to independently or randomly in combination with one or more other measures disclosed herein, form the basis for a patent claim.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Measuring train with an optical system with means for making image recordings of the top surface of the rail head of the superstructure of a railway line located directly below the measuring train.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2016670B1|2018-12-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2020-03-25| PD| Change of ownership|Owner name: VOLKERWESSELS INTELLECTUELE EIGENDOM B.V.; NL Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), ASSIGNMENT; FORMER OWNER NAME: VOLKERRAIL NEDERLAND B.V. Effective date: 20200317 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2014805|2015-05-13|
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